stress
Hossein Zare; Azadeh Sabeti
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to predict complicated grief based on cognitive flexibility with the mediating role of cognitive regulation of emotion in survivors of the COVID-19.Method: This descriptive study was fundamental-applicative and correlation type with path analysis in terms of ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of the present study was to predict complicated grief based on cognitive flexibility with the mediating role of cognitive regulation of emotion in survivors of the COVID-19.Method: This descriptive study was fundamental-applicative and correlation type with path analysis in terms of method. The statistical population included all the bereaved people who lost one of their close relatives or family members due to the corona virus since 2018 to 1400. Therefore 200 survivors and mourners formed the research sample.Three questionnaires included cognitive-emotional regulation by Garnevsky et al. (2009), cognitive flexibility by Dennis Vonderwall (2010), and grief experience by Barrett and Scott (1998) were used and completed online by the participants. SPSS-26 software was used to analyze statistical correlation relationships and Imus software version 24 was used to evaluate the achievement of the fitted model.Results: The results showed that the direct effect of cognitive flexibility with beta coefficient on compromised strategies is positive (Beta=0.655), and on uncompromised strategies (Beta=-0.628) and the experience of bereavement (Beta=-0.387) is negative and significant (P<01.1). Also, the direct effect of emotion-cognitive compromise strategies with the standard coefficient on bereavement experience (Beta=0.254) is positively significant and the adaptive cognitive strategies of emotion are negatively significant on the experience of bereavement (Beta=-0.327).The correlation coefficient between the variables showed that cognitive flexibility has a positive correlation with emotional cognitive strategies (r=0.66) and a negative correlation with bereavement experience (r=-0.75) and a negative correlation with non-compromised emotional cognitive strategies (P<0.1). In other words, as survivors' cognitive flexibility increases, their mourning decreases. Also, the experience of bereavement is more in the survivors who use non-compromised strategies of emotional cognition (r=0/66) and less in those who use compromised cognitive strategies of emotion (r=-0.71).The results of the Bootstrap test for indirect ways showed that the indirect way of cognitive flexibility to the experience of bereavement with the mediating role of cognitive regulation of uncompromising emotion has an effect size -0.14, as well as the indirect way of cognitive flexibility to the experience of bereavement with the mediating role of cognitive regulation of compromising emotion has an effect size-0.18, that is significant at the level of less than 0.05.Conclusion: Cognitive regulation of emotion has a mediating role between cognitive flexibility and bereavement experience of survivors. In general, the use of cognitive regulation of uncompromised emotion enhances the experience of bereavement and the use of cognitive regulation of compromised emotion reduces it. There is a significant negative relationship between cognitive flexibility and bereavement experience of corona survivors. There is a significant negative relationship between the dimensions of cognitive flexibility and the dimensions of uncompromising cognitive emotion regulation strategies of corona survivors. Also, cognitive flexibility has a significant effect on the complex grief of corona survivors through the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. In complicated grief caused by events such as Covid-19, various psychological and cognitive factors such as cognitive flexibility, cognitive regulation of emotion are involved, and psychotherapists, especially cognitive-behavioral therapists, should pay attention to these issues and focus on the positive factors influencing the reduction of complex bereavement and the treatment process.Due to the lack of funeral rituals and traditional mourning interactions which play an important role in facilitating the mourning process, the levels of resolving the painful emotions become more difficult. Greater flexibility will allow individuals to focus more on alternative ways of cognitive changes, therefore, in traumatic situations and psychological distress, they will have better control over their emotions.
ali khodaei; Reza Rahimi; h zare
Abstract
Objective: Nursing is known to be a stressful profession that can lead to physical and psychological health issues and behavioural problems. In oncology, workload among nurses is believed to be increasing in conjunction with rapidly increasing numbers of patients with cancer and staff shortages worldwide, ...
Read More
Objective: Nursing is known to be a stressful profession that can lead to physical and psychological health issues and behavioural problems. In oncology, workload among nurses is believed to be increasing in conjunction with rapidly increasing numbers of patients with cancer and staff shortages worldwide, therefore it is essential to sustain a quality oncology nurse workforce. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate factorial structure of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Short Form (CISS-SF, Endler & Parker, 1999). Method: In this correlational study, a sample of 151 nurses of Tehran Medical Sciences University completed the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Short Form (CISS-SF, Endler & Parker, 1999). The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor statistics analysis methods were used to compute the CISS-SF's factor structure. Findings: Results of principal component analysis (PC) with varimax rotation replicated the four-factor structure of emotion-oriented coping style, task-oriented coping style and avoidance-oriented coping style (including avoidance behaviors of social diversion and distraction) in the sample. Goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis based AMOS Statistics software confirmed the 4 extracted factors (emotion-oriented coping style, task-oriented coping style and avoidance-oriented coping style including avoidance behaviors of social diversion and distraction). Cronbach alpha coefficients for emotion-oriented coping style, task-oriented coping style, social diversion and distraction were 0/83, 0/78, 0/77 and 0/77 respectively. Conclusion: These findings speak to the robustness of the CISS-SF, in revealing its relatively stable structure, and consequently, to its potential usefulness as a valid measure for assessing preferred coping style for stressful situations in Iranian nurses.
Mashaallah Yazdi; Majid Saffarinia; Hossein Zare
Abstract
Objective: Introduction: the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of quality of life based therapy and emotion regulation therapy on biomarkers (HbA1C and blood glucose) in patients with type2 diabetes. Method: the present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and ...
Read More
Objective: Introduction: the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of quality of life based therapy and emotion regulation therapy on biomarkers (HbA1C and blood glucose) in patients with type2 diabetes. Method: the present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with control group. The study population consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Iranian hospital in Dubai. 45 patients were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group. Training groups were treated based on quality of life and emotion regulation. Glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose were measured before, after, and 6 months after the intervention. Findings: the results showed that treatment based on the quality of life and emotion regulation was effective on biomarkers in patients with type2 diabetes (). Comparison of the means of the two experimental groups showed that there was no significant difference between their effectiveness on HbA1C (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between their effects on blood glucose levels at the posttest stage (P≤0.01). Conclusion: the results of this study showed the effect of quality of life therapy and emotion regulation on controlling blood glucose and HbA1C in patients with type2 diabetes.
Mina Moghtaderi; Majid Saffarinia; Hossein Zare; Ahmad Alipour
Abstract
Objective: The emergence of chronic diseases such as Parkinson seriously damages the patients’ psychological health besides physical health. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating effectiveness of the package of hope therapy based on positivist approach on ...
Read More
Objective: The emergence of chronic diseases such as Parkinson seriously damages the patients’ psychological health besides physical health. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating effectiveness of the package of hope therapy based on positivist approach on Self-efficacy and loneliness of patients with Parkinson. Method: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included the people with Parkinson in the city of Isfahan in the winter of 2018-19. 40 patients with Parkinson were selected through non-random available sampling and were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (20 patients in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). The experimental group received training intervention of hope therapy based on positivist approach in ten ninety-minute sessions during three months. The applied questionnaires in this study included Self-efficacy (Sherer and Adams, 1994) and loneliness questionnaire (Russell, 1996). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA. Findings: The results showed that the training package of hope therapy based on positivist approach has significant effect on Self-efficacy and loneliness of Parkinson patients (p<0/001). However, this effect on the follow-up was also maintained. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that training package of hope therapy based on positivist approach can lead to the improvement of Self-efficacy and loneliness of Parkinson patients due to enjoying the methods of hope therapy and positivist psychotherapy.
stress
fereshte hasani; hosen zare; reza dosti
Abstract
Objective: The theory of the relationship between self-esteem and the performance of a disorder is based on the fact that self-esteem can provide individuals with emotions with safety in the face of threats and threats. The purpose of this study was comparisons implicit self-esteem and explicit in those ...
Read More
Objective: The theory of the relationship between self-esteem and the performance of a disorder is based on the fact that self-esteem can provide individuals with emotions with safety in the face of threats and threats. The purpose of this study was comparisons implicit self-esteem and explicit in those who performed nasal surgery with normal people. This was a cross-sectional research.Methods: The statistical population of the present study included all female infertility surgeons who referred to beauty centers of Rasht in spring 1397 and normal women. The community was selected through available sampling. 70 nose and 70 normal subjects were selected. The expression used in this research was the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Alphanumeric Scale (IPT). The mean scores indicate that women's ability to perform surgery is clear and insignificant in their self-esteem than ordinary ones.Findings: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the ability of the two groups of subjects in the obvious and the subtle self-esteem is not the same and there is a significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion: Low self-esteem in individuals can be one of the reasons for the tendency of people to have a cosmetic surgery, so improving self-esteem can reduce the tendency for cosmetic surgery in the community.
hossein zare; Roxana Sasannejad
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to study the relationship between meta-worry and symptoms of menopause with the sense of coherence among postmenopausal women in the range of 50-55 years old. So, 160 postmenopausal women in the range of 50-55 years old have been selected by available sampling ...
Read More
The purpose of the present research was to study the relationship between meta-worry and symptoms of menopause with the sense of coherence among postmenopausal women in the range of 50-55 years old. So, 160 postmenopausal women in the range of 50-55 years old have been selected by available sampling from women who referred to Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Tehran. It was a descriptive-correlation research as well as Wells meta-worry beliefs (ANTI), and symptoms of menopause questionnaire (MRS) and Antonovsky psychological sense of coherence scale were used to obtain data. Data analysis was carried out by Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression. There is negative significant correlation between meta-worry beliefs and sense of coherence (P
stress
Ali Mostafaie; Hosein Zare; Ahmad Alipour; Vali Allah Farzad
Volume 7, Issue 25 , June 2018, , Pages 35-55
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to Compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy Based on meta-theoretical models and meta-cognitive therapy on amount pain and Thoughts Fusion in patients suffering from chronic pain in broken who were referred to medical centers in broken and diagnosis of chronic ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of this study was to Compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy Based on meta-theoretical models and meta-cognitive therapy on amount pain and Thoughts Fusion in patients suffering from chronic pain in broken who were referred to medical centers in broken and diagnosis of chronic pain. Method: In this semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design was used.105 people who were given a diagnosis of about them, were assigned to two experimental and control groups.this study was used to analyze the data from the test MANCOVA. Results: Results showed that meta-cognitive therapy and cognitive therapy Based on meta-theoretical models in reducing amount pain and Thoughts Fusion In patients suffering from chronic pain were significantly effective.Conclusion: The results revealed that meta-cognitive therapy focuses on the challenge and cognitive therapy Based on meta-theoretical models focuses on the change process to create positive change and appropriate in patients with chronic pain used.
stress
Alireza Aghayousefi; Hossein Zare; Roghayeh Mohammadi
Volume 6, Issue 24 , March 2018, , Pages 162-179
Abstract
Objective: Diabetes leads to loss of cognitive function in patients. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of cognitive computer-based training program on memory and attention increase in students with diabetes. Method: The research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test ...
Read More
Objective: Diabetes leads to loss of cognitive function in patients. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of cognitive computer-based training program on memory and attention increase in students with diabetes. Method: The research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with the control group in which 18 students with diabetes (in two nine-person groups of experimental and control) were selected from Diabetes Association of Bonab city. The memory and attention of both experimental and control groups were measured in the pre-test step. Then, students of the experimental group were exposed to attention and memory improvement exercises individually in 10 half-hour sessions with the help of working memory training software. Once again, in the post-test step, memory and attention of both experimental and control groups were measured. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The results indicated an increase in memory function and attention of students in the experimental group and the rehabilitation intervention for guidance and high school students and patients with a history of fewer than 5 years and more than 5 years has been equally effective. Conclusion: We can say that cognitive computer-based training is necessary, useful, and effective for increasing attention and memory function in diabetic students.
Asiyeh Rezaei Niyasr; Hossein Zare; Farzaneh Barjesteh
Volume 6, Issue 22 , September 2017, , Pages 35-50
Abstract
Introduction: Studies have shown that overweight and obesity are associated with poor executive function and cognitive abilities. This can be due to changes in the structure and function of the brain, the aim of the study was to investigate executive functions, particularly inhibition control system ...
Read More
Introduction: Studies have shown that overweight and obesity are associated with poor executive function and cognitive abilities. This can be due to changes in the structure and function of the brain, the aim of the study was to investigate executive functions, particularly inhibition control system and problem - solving in groups of overweight and obese children compared with normal weight children. Method: design study is causal- comparative. 41 primary school students, in 7 to 12 year age, Of the population of primary school of Tehran were selected as samples available in 1395. 21 students with excess weight and 20 students with normal weight were measured in Strop test, the Tower of London tools and BMI. Results: The results of T-test showed significant differences in the ability in inhibitory system function between two groups Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems the obese children and adolescents have poorer inhibition control system than normal weight peers. This deficiency can reduce the other cognitive abilities in long term and have an impact on children's academic and social success.
stress
Bahram Maleki; ahmad alipor; hosein zare; farhad shaghaghi
Volume 5, Issue 18 , July 2016, , Pages 5-20
Abstract
AbstractBackground : the study of self esteem is one of the most common methods for studying individual differences in psychology.Acording the theory of the relationship between self-esteem and cardiovascular function ( Martinz , Greenberg, and Alan, 2008 ) self-esteem it can be related with feelings ...
Read More
AbstractBackground : the study of self esteem is one of the most common methods for studying individual differences in psychology.Acording the theory of the relationship between self-esteem and cardiovascular function ( Martinz , Greenberg, and Alan, 2008 ) self-esteem it can be related with feelings of safety in the encounter with threat and stress Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between explicit and implicit self-esteem levels, with heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as index of cardiovascular Methods: This study was a correlative study on a sample of 320 subjects of university with random sampling. Explicit and implicit self-esteem of subjects measured entering to laboratory of university and then blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Results: The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient and regression analysis showed that btween explicit self-esteem and cardiovascular function parameters were significant negative (p>0/01) correlation in all three cases. Regression analysis of data showed that explicit and implicit self-esteem could significantly predict systolic blood pressure and heart rate. In both cases, implicit self -esteem are more predictive power than explicit self-esteem. Conclusion: In overall results showed that low self-esteem significantly can be predictive of high heart rate and blood pressure and otherwise, high self-esteem can be predictive of low heart rate and blood pressure.
Alireza Aghayousefi; Maryam Zare; Hosein Zare; Farhad Shaghaghi; Mohamad Eftekhari
Volume 5, Issue 18 , July 2016, , Pages 52-68
Abstract
Objective: Knowing about cognitive dissonance aspects and psychological components will be helpful not only in psychological field but also in commercial and political areas. Therefore the aim of this study was evaluation of relation between personality and physiological components of cognitive dissonance. ...
Read More
Objective: Knowing about cognitive dissonance aspects and psychological components will be helpful not only in psychological field but also in commercial and political areas. Therefore the aim of this study was evaluation of relation between personality and physiological components of cognitive dissonance. Method: 130 students of Elmi-Karbordi University of Safadasht were invited and they were asked to complete Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire. Before and after distributing those questionnaires, their physiological conditions were receded. Cognitive dissonance was induced by writing about reducing amount of budget which deserved to orphans and rating the reduction of interest of lovely and popular character that ignore his or her fans. Data analysis conducted through correlation and regression analysis. Results: increasing in Flight and Approach scores was related to decreasing cognitive dissonance scores and increasing in Fight, Extinction and active avoidance was related to increasing cognitive dissonance scores. Also personality factors were able to predict physiological changes due to cognitive dissonance. Conclusion: personality traits are related to cognitive dissonance and its physiological components.
stress
mehrdad akbari
Volume 4, Issue 15 , October 2015, , Pages 21-36
Abstract
Objective: Breast cancer can cause of many problems in physical, mental and social performance, including pain and can cause reduced quality of life. The aim of this study is the effect of coping skills training program on pain and quality of life in breast cancer patients residing in the city of Dezful. ...
Read More
Objective: Breast cancer can cause of many problems in physical, mental and social performance, including pain and can cause reduced quality of life. The aim of this study is the effect of coping skills training program on pain and quality of life in breast cancer patients residing in the city of Dezful. Method: Method of this study is a quasi-experimental research design with pretest - posttest control group. During an informal invitation 34 patients were enrolled in the study were eligible. The patients were randomly divided into experiment and control groups (each group include 17 subjects). Experiment group were received 8 sessions 1.5 h weekly of coping skills program (Lazaruss, Folkman, 1984). Participants completed brief pain questionnaire (BPI) and quality of life questionnaire (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)) before and after starting the program. Findings: The results of the descriptive analysis showed that experimental group have better in global quality of life and its dimensions, also experiment group reduced in both severity pain and interference in daily functioning than the control group. Conclusion: MANCOVA analysis demonstrates that coping training caused enhancement of quality of life and diminish the pain in experiment group.
Z Barghi irani; H. Zare; M. Abedin
Volume 4, Issue 14 , May 2015, , Pages 113-128
Abstract
Objective: Acceptance-based therapies increase psychological flexibility and improve mental health in people with chronic pains. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acceptance and commitment based therapy (ACT) on increasing the psychological capital of esophageal cancer patients. ...
Read More
Objective: Acceptance-based therapies increase psychological flexibility and improve mental health in people with chronic pains. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acceptance and commitment based therapy (ACT) on increasing the psychological capital of esophageal cancer patients. Method: This study used quasi-experimental method and a pretest-posttest plan with a control group. Participants consisted of 32 women with esophageal cancer who were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control groups. Our measuring tool was Psychological Capital Questionnaire which was completed by the participants. Then, the participants in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 45 min of acceptance and commitment based therapy. Analysis of variance method was used to analyze data. Results: Data analysis showed that acceptance and commitment based therapy had significantly increased the psychological capital and its subscales in the experimental group, compared to the control group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, acceptance and commitment based therapy increases psychological capitals of esophageal cancer patients and represents new horizons in clinical interventions and thus could be used as an effective interventional method.
Elham Mosavi; Ahmad Ali Pour; Mojghan Agah Heris; Hossin Zare
Volume 3, Issue 10 , September 2014, , Pages 47-63
Abstract
Objective: This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of LEARN stressmanagement program on reduction of perceived stress and worry among femalestudents of Payame Noor University in Tehran.Method: For this reason, among volunteers who their scores in perceived stress scalewere one standard ...
Read More
Objective: This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of LEARN stressmanagement program on reduction of perceived stress and worry among femalestudents of Payame Noor University in Tehran.Method: For this reason, among volunteers who their scores in perceived stress scalewere one standard deviation more than average (M=27.26, SD=8.32) and so theywere realized stressful, twenty- six participants, regarding to exclude- includecriteria were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental and controlgroups. All participants filled out all of the items of perceived stress scale andPennsylvania state worry questionnaire prior to and after LEARN program toexperimental group.Results: Data analysis by using repeated measures method revealed that perceivedstress and worry significantly improved among participants of experimentalgroup in comparison to control group (pConclusion: Therefore, LEARN program by its components could affect the stresscycle in different aspects, and led to stress and worry reduction.
Samira Hasanzadeh; Zahra Shabani; Ali Fathi Ashtyani; Ahmad Alipor; Hossin Zare
Volume 3, Issue 9 , June 2014, , Pages 60-75
Abstract
Objective: Hemophilia is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and also third common disorder depending on X chromosome which is a deficiency or lack of Factor VIII or IX in blood. In families without history of hemophilia patients, having a hemophilia child causes anxiety, hopelessness and even ...
Read More
Objective: Hemophilia is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and also third common disorder depending on X chromosome which is a deficiency or lack of Factor VIII or IX in blood. In families without history of hemophilia patients, having a hemophilia child causes anxiety, hopelessness and even sin feeling that causes disabilities to take care of hemophilia child. so the main aim of present research is studying theeffect of hemophilia cares education in decreasing of anxiety and depression of mothers with hemophilia child under 15 years old in Tehran. Method: In a semi-experimental design, among 200 mothers of hemophilia patients under 15 years old, 30 of them with high scores in Beck Depression II(BD-II) and state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) Speilberger) byaccessible samplingwere selected and then they randomly were put in experimental and control groups. Exprimental group was educated in 8 sessions but control group received no intervention. Then, these two groups completed two questionnaires which mentioned above again. Data analyzed by using statistical method Covariate (Ancova). Results: The findings of research showed that, hemophilia cares education in significance level (p£0.05) reduces the rate ofanxiety and depression in hemophilia patients's mothers. Conclusion: Heamophilia cares education has important role in decreasing anxiety and depression in mothers with hemophilia child under 15 years old, so suggest all of mothers with hemophiliachild or hemophilia care givers should be educated by the hemophilia cares.
Ahmad Alipoor; Reza Dosti; Hossin Zare; Ali Reza Aghayusfi
Volume 3, Issue 11 , October 2013, , Pages 5-17
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present research is the study of the effect of the stroop test on the amounts of the salivary cortisol, pulse and blood pressure of the students of the medical sciences university of Ilam city. Methods: Sample volume included 20 people and the sampling method was ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of the present research is the study of the effect of the stroop test on the amounts of the salivary cortisol, pulse and blood pressure of the students of the medical sciences university of Ilam city. Methods: Sample volume included 20 people and the sampling method was a simple random one. The participants were divided randomly to two groups of the control and test. The test (experiment) group was exposed to the stroop test. The sample of the slaver pulse and the blood pressure of the participants was taken twice; once before and once after the administration of the stroop test. Results: The results of the Univariate analyzes of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that there were a significant difference between two groups of stroop and control in terms of the salivary cortisol in the level of P< 0.05 also, the results of the multivariate analysis of covariance(MANCOVA) showed that the difference of the pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups of the stroop and control groups was statistically significant in the level of P Conclusion: This study showed that stroop test as a stress- causing resource stimulates HPA and SAM axis and increase the salivary cortisol, pulse and blood pressure in the students.
mohamad oraki; hosein zare; nastaran shirazi; samira hasanzadeh pashang
Volume 1, Issue 4 , July 2013, , Pages 56-70
. .; . .; . .
Volume 2, Issue 8 , June 2013, , Pages 5-21
Abstract
Objective: Obesity and Overweight is increasing in developing countries. Obesity has undesired consequences especially in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare attachment rate to parents, and affective control in adolescents (11-18) regarding to body mass index.
Method: ...
Read More
Objective: Obesity and Overweight is increasing in developing countries. Obesity has undesired consequences especially in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare attachment rate to parents, and affective control in adolescents (11-18) regarding to body mass index.
Method: So, 366 adolescents were selected using multi-step cluster sampling. Participants were overweight (n=145), BMI>25, and normal (n= 211), BMI<25, that completed Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised,( IPPA-R), and Affective Control Scale.
Results:One-way analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance by using SPSS-16 at p<0/05, indicated that there was a significant difference among attachment rate to mother, and depression control in two groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that attachment to mother is an important factor that can contribute to the weight gain and obesity.
